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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

扎根一线，投身良种技术攻关******

　　称重，测量，观察籽粒大小、饱满度……在实验室见到党的二十大代表、天津市农业科学院农作物研究所研究员时晓伟时，她正在几百份小麦种子样品前紧张忙碌，“这些都是最新培育的小麦品种，一部分将带到云南扩繁。”

　　从事小麦优质高产育种研究工作22年，时晓伟探索出了南繁加代、穿梭育种、品质综合评价和试验示范同步进行的小麦高效育种技术方法，显著提高了育种进程和新品种选育质量。

　　随着春节临近，时晓伟和同事们正抓紧分析春小麦品质，“我们利用时空、气候差异，进行穿梭育种、南繁加代，从而提升品种选育质量，加快繁育速度。”

　　打开编号“S22F6—1372”的小麦样品口袋，时晓伟小心拈出10余粒小麦种子，轻轻捧在手心，对着灯光仔细查看。“这个品系粒大，但太瘪，黑胚重，可做大粒亲本，做品种不适合。”时晓伟说。

　　对培育的小麦进行室内考种，是一项精细的技术活。时晓伟说，不仅要观察每一世代不同家系间小麦籽粒的饱满度、大小、均匀程度、有无黑胚、胚乳是角质还是粉质等性状，还要结合田间农艺性状调查记载，综合考虑保留哪些家系进入下一世代，淘汰哪些家系。

　　来到小麦品质分析实验室，里面有揉混仪、粉质仪、拉伸仪等分析仪器，还有2022年新添置的全套面包烘焙设备。“通过面包的组织结构、粘弹性等，分析评价面粉品质。”时晓伟说，只有通过全方位、严格的品质分析，才能选择优质高产品系进入天津市春小麦区域试验。

　　小麦品种迭代从6年6代，逐渐缩短为3年8代；小麦亩产从津强1号的150公斤，增长到津强14号、16号的亩产450公斤左右；津强系列强筋春小麦品种累计推广1000多万亩……20多年来，时晓伟和团队全身心投入小麦优质高产育种研究工作。截至目前，共选育出14个强筋高产春小麦品种、7个优质高产冬小麦品种。

　　走出实验室，记者跟随时晓伟来到位于天津市武清区的冬小麦育种试验田。“冬小麦早已浇完冬水，进入‘冬眠’时间。”看着泛着青色的麦苗，时晓伟说，让小麦高产，既要有良种，也要科学种植，精心管理，“要关注气温、降水等情况，加强实地踏勘，及时弥补麦田裂缝，防止麦苗受冻，确保麦苗春季返青。”

　　接下来这一个月，时晓伟还要深入农村，给基层农技人员及麦农授课，讲解麦田管理注意事项。“只要能让小麦丰收，把小麦当家品种牢牢攥在自己手里，再苦再累都值得。”时晓伟说，2023年春天，具有高产、强筋、抗病特性的津强14号、16号小麦将投入小面积生产示范，“我对这两款品种的种植前景充满信心。”

　　党的二十大报告提出，“全方位夯实粮食安全根基”“深入实施种业振兴行动”。时晓伟表示，将继续扎根一线加强良种技术攻关，助力小麦优质高产，助力农民增产增收。（记者 武少民）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）